About 1390, today's State of New York became the stronghold of five
powerful Indian tribes. They were later joined by another great tribe,
the
Tuscaroras from the south. Eventually the Iroquois, Mohawks,
Oneidas,
Onondagas, and Cayugas joined together to form the great
Iroquois Nation. In 1715, the Tuscaroras were accepted into the
Iroquois Nation.
The Five Nations
Long, long ago, one of the Spirits of the Sky World came down and looked
at the earth. As he travelled over it, he found it beautiful, and so he
created people to live on it. Before returning to the sky, he gave them
names, called the people all together, and spoke his parting words:
"To the Mohawks, I give corn," he said.
"To the patient Oneidas, I give the nuts and the fruit of many trees.
To the industrious Senecas, I give beans.
To the friendly Cayugas, I give the roots of plants to be eaten.
To the wise and eloquent Onondagas, I give grapes and squashes to eat
and tobacco to smoke at the camp fires."
Many other things he told the new people. Then he wrapped himself in
a bright cloud and went like a swift arrow to the Sun. There his return
caused his Brother Sky Spirits to rejoice.
The Six Nations
Long, long ago, in the great past, there were no people on the earth.
All of
it was covered by deep water. Birds, flying, filled the air, and many
huge
monsters possessed the waters.
One day the birds saw a beautiful woman falling from the sky. Immediately
the huge ducks held a council.
"How can we prevent her from falling into the water?" they asked.
After some discussion, they decided to spread out their wings and thus
break the force of her fall. Each duck spread out its wings until it touched
the wings of other ducks. So the beautiful woman reached them safely.
Then the monsters of the deep held a council, to decide how they could
protect the beautiful being from the terror of the waters. One after
another,
the monsters decided that they were not able to protect her, that only
Giant Tortoise was big enough to bear her weight. He volunteered, and she
was
gently placed upon his back. Giant Tortoise magically increased in
size and soon became a large island.
After a time, the Celestial Woman gave birth to twin boys. One of them
was the Spirit of Good. He made all the good things on the earth and
caused the corn, the fruits, and the tobacco to grow.
The other twin was the Spirit of Evil. He created the weeds and also
the
worms and the bugs and all the other creatures that do evil to the
good
animals and birds.
All the time, Giant Tortoise continued to stretch himself. And so the
world became larger and larger. Sometimes Giant Tortoise moved himself
in
such a way as to make the earth quake.
After many, many years had passed by, the Sky-Holder, whom Indians
called Ta-rhu-hia-wah-ku, decided to create some people. He wanted
them to surpass all others in beauty, strength, and bravery. So from
the
bosom of the island where they had been living on moles, the Sky-Holder
brought forth six pairs of people.
The first pair were left near a great river, now called the Mohawk.
So
they are called the Mohawk Indians.
The second pair were told to move their home beside a large stone. Their
descendants have been called the Oneidas. Many of them lived on
the south side of Oneida Lake and others in the valleys of Oneida Creek.
A third pair were left on a high hill and have always been called the
Onondagas.
The fourth pair became the parents of the Cayugas, and the fifth
pair the
parents of the Senecas. Both were placed in some part of what
is now known as the State of New York. But the Tuscaroras were
taken up the
Roanoke River into what is now known as North Carolina.
There the Sky-Holder made his home while he taught these people and their
descendants many useful arts and crafts.
The Tuscaroras claim that his presence with them made them superior
to
the other Iroquois nations. But each of the other five will tell you,
"Ours
was the favoured tribe with whom Sky- Holder made his home while he
was on the earth."
The Onondagas say, "We have the council fire. That means that
we are the chosen people."
As the years passed by, the numerous Iroquois families became
scattered over the state, and also in what is now Pennsylvania, the
Middle West and southeastern Canada. Some lived in areas where
bear was their principal game. So these people were called the Bear
Clan. Others lived where beavers were plentiful. So they were called
the Beaver Clan. For similar reasons, the Deer, Wolf, Snipe
and Tortoise clans received their names.
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